NHS esters of dyes
Time:
2023-11-21
Fluorescein, rhodamine and Anna dyes are widely used for labeling oligonucleotides, most of which can be used as phosphoramidite reagents or support-bound reagents in solid-phase oligonucleotide syntheses, and this synthetic method is usually the most convenient for preparing fluorescently labeled oligonucleotides, but in some cases other methods are desired, especially those more sensitive to the conditions of deprotection of the basic oligo fluorophores. If the fluorophore is not incorporated during solid-phase synthesis, it will be necessary to bind it to the oligonucleotide by post-synthesis modifications. The former involves reacting excess reactive esters with amine-labeled oligonucleotides to form amide bonds, whereas the latter employs azide- and alkynyl-modified entities in a cyclization reaction, both of which are very efficient and highly productive
Fluorescein, ROX, Cy3 sulfide and Cy5 sulfide (Fig. 1), each of these dyes fluoresce in different regions of the visible spectrum (Table 1) and are widely used for labeling oligonucleotides, peptides, proteins and other amine-containing molecules/biomolecules. While fluorescein phosphoramidites are widely available, ROX, Cy3 sulfide and Cy5 sulfide can only be attached to oligonucleotides by post-synthetic modifications.